オーストラリア

From AASL

国・地域の基本情報

国・地域名（日本語）	オーストラリア
国・地域名（英語）	Australia
正式国・地域名（日本語）	オーストラリア連邦
正式国・地域名（英語）	Australia
国・地域情報	外務省
	The World Factbook (CIA)
	フィールド情報（Fieldnet）
ウィキペディア	日本語版
	英語版

Contents 1 ■現地における「オーストラリア」の手話表現 2 ■音声言語 3 ■手話言語 4 ■ろう者人口 5 ■手話の法的地位 6 ■ろう者の組織・団体 7 ■手話の研究機関、学会、大学 8 ■ろう教育 9 ■手話通訳 10 ■ろう者の宗教活動 11 ■ろう者コミュニティと文化 12 ■著名なろう者、手話関係者 13 ■手話辞典 14 ■文献 15 ■映像・ビデオ 16 ■研究者 17 ■研究史 18 ■行事 19 ■外部リンク 20 ■備考

■現地における「オーストラリア」の手話表現

■イラスト掲載文献

「オーストラリア」(日本手話研究所「手話確定普及研究部」編. ヘドバーグ,トーマス監修. 2002.『国名手話ガイドブック』東京: 財団法人全日本ろうあ連盟出版局. 16.)

"Australia" (In: Japanese Federation of the Deaf ed. Supervisor: Hedberg, Tomas. 2003. Country name-signs. Helsinki, Finland: World Federation of the Deaf. 12.)

■音声言語

英語（English）

■手話言語

オーストラリア手話（Australian Sign Language）

オーストラリア・アボリジニ手話（Australian Aborigines Sign Language）

■関連する手話言語

オーストララジア手話（ニュージーランド手話との共通手話創出の試み）（Australasian Sign Language（an attempt to merge Australian Sign Language and New Zealand Sign Language into one common sign language））

イギリス手話（British Sign Language）

アメリカ手話（American Sign Language）

アイルランド手話（Irish Sign Language）

■ろう者人口

• オーストラリア手話の話者人口　7,150 (2006 census). （エスノローグウェブ版）

• デフ・オーストラリアによるろう者（手話話者）人口：16,000人 （WFD. 2008. Global Survey Report. : 下記 文献 欄参照.）

■手話の法的地位

• オーストラリア政府は、ろう者コミュニティをひとつの言語グループとして認めた。　（The Australian Government has recognized the Deaf community as a language group. ( Auslan Policy)）

• ろう者の手話は、ろう者のための公用語として認められている。　（Sign language for deaf people is recognized as the official language for deaf people.　 (Government Implementation of the Standard Rules As Seen By Member Organizations of World Federation of the Deaf – WFD : Australian Association of the Deaf, Australia, 1997.)）

• 手話の法的地位（Status of the National Sign Language(s)）（WFD. 2008. Global Survey Report. : 下記 文献 欄参照）

1. 政府は「政策」において手話を公認している(The government recognises the country's sign language(s) in : the policy.)

2. 政府が手話を公認した年：1991年( The year when the country’s government formally recognises the country’s sign language(s):1991.)

3. ろう者協会やろう者グループは政府に手話の公認を要望している(Deaf Association/Deaf Group lobbies the government for the recognition of the country’s sign language(s))

■ろう者の組織・団体

• デフ・オーストラリア（ろうのオーストラリア　:　Deaf Australia　世界ろう連盟加盟団体 ; 1986年設立.（WFD. 2008. Global Survey Report. : 下記 文献 欄参照.）　）

• オーストラリアろう者協会（Australian Association of the Deaf ：世界ろう連盟加盟団体、2002年のデータ、日本手話研究所「手話確定普及研究部」編. 2002.『国名手話ガイドブック』東京: 財団法人全日本ろうあ連盟出版局より引用）

■手話の研究機関、学会、大学

■ろう教育

• 教育を受ける機会（Access to Education）（WFD. 2008. Global Survey Report. : 下記 文献 欄参照.　より）

1.政府は、ろう児およびろう学生が教育を受ける権利を認めている（The government recognizes that Deaf children and Deaf students have the right to receive an education.）

2.ろう教育に関連する法律・政策（Legislation or policies on Deaf Education）：

学校教育は州政府によって提供される。各州はろう教育について独自のポリシーを持っている。どのレベルの教育も、障害者差別禁止法と州の差別禁止法を遵守している（School education is provided by State governments. Each state has its own policy on Deaf education. Education at all levels is also covered in the Disability Discrimination Act and the State Anti-Discrimination Acts.）

3.政府は次の教育環境をろう児およびろう学生に提供している（The government provides those educational settings for Deaf children and Deaf students）：

幼稚園（３・４歳から５・６歳まで）（Kindergarten (Between 3/4 years old to 5/6 years old)）

小学校（５・６歳から１２・１３歳）（Primary (From 5/6 years old to 12/13 years old)）

中・高等学校（１２・１３歳から１７・１８歳）（Secondary (From 12/13 years old to 17/18 years old)）

大学（１８歳以上）は、政府の管轄ではない（University (After 18 years old)are not under the government）

4.政府は国の手話を用いたバイリンガル教育を下記の教育機関で提供している（The government provides bilingual education using the country’s sign language(s) for Deaf children and Deaf students in those educational settings）：

早期介入（５歳まで）（Early intervention (Up to 5 years old)）

幼稚園（３・４歳から５・６歳まで）（Kindergarten (Between 3/4 years old to 5/6 years old)）

小学校（５・６歳から１２・１３歳）（Primary (From 5/6 years old to 12/13 years old)）

中・高等学校（１２・１３歳から１７・１８歳）（Secondary (From 12/13 years old to 17/18 years old)）

大学（１８歳以上）（University (After 18 years old)）

職業教育・訓練（Vocational Education/Training）

5.ろう児およびろう学生のための特別な学校、また教育の方法について（Schools specifically for Deaf children and Deaf students in the country, and the educational approach for communicating with Deaf children and students at the Deaf School）：

ろう児およびろう学生だけの特別学校はおよそ４校。他は、通常校に特別支援部門として併設している（Approx 4 Special schools. Others are provided as special education units attached to ordinary schools.）。

それぞれの学校で独自のアプローチをしている（バイリンガル教育・口話法・口話および手話（トータルコミュニケーション）・聴覚活用による音声言語教育）。ほとんどのろう学生は、聴者の学校において、巡回してくる聞こえない人たちのための教師によるサポートを受けており、このサポートのほとんどは口話によるものである（Different schools provide different approaches (Bilingual Education, Oral Method, Oral and Sign Language (Total Communication), Auditory Verbal and others). Most Deaf students are mainstreamed into hearing schools with part-time itinerant support from teachers of the Deaf, and most of this support follows the oral approach.）。

6.大学でのろう者の受け入れ状況および、手話通訳の利用（Deaf people’s access to a University education and sign language interpreting services at University）：

要望があれば、ほとんどの大学がろう者の教育サポートサービスを提供する。通訳、ノートテイク、専門家の補習授業、補聴器（例：　FMシステムなど）のサポートがある（Most universities will provide support services if requested. Support includes interpreting, note taking, specialist tutoring; listening aids (eg FM systems).）。

■手話通訳

• オーストラリア手話通訳者協会（Australian Sign Language Interpreters' Association）

• 世界手話通訳者協会の2007-2011報告書によると、オーストラリアには手話通訳者の協会が存在する（ WASLI Activities Report 2007-2011 （下記 文献 欄参照）

• 手話通訳サービスの状況（Status of Sign Language Interpreting Services）（WFD. 2008. Global Survey Report. : 下記 文献 欄参照.　より）

1.国内の手話通訳者数(The number of sign language interpreters in the country):

449名の認定通訳者(Accredited: 449 Interpreters)

通訳者として従事しているのは302名(Actively working as interpreters: 302)

2.手話通訳者の資格制度有り (Sign language interpreting qualifications in the country: There is.)

3.有資格の手話通訳者養成担当者・機関(The provider of the training for people who want to become qualified sign language interpreters):

大学(University)

コミュニティカレッジ(Community College)

4.手話通訳者になるための訓練の年数(Total years of training to become a sign languate interpreters):

場合によって異なる。初めてAuslanをゼロから学ぶ場合は、少なくとも３－４年はかかる。もしAuslanが流暢で、正式な通訳プログラムに入れれば１年コースでも可能。Auslanが堪能な場合は、通訳研修生として実地訓練ができ、資格試験を受けることができる(Depends. If starting from scratch, learning Auslan first, it takes at least 3-4 years. If fluent in Auslan and entering a formal interpreting programme, it can be a one-year course. If fluent in Auslan training can also be on-the-job as a trainee interpreter, who then sits for a qualification test. )

5.正式な公的資格を持った手話通訳者の数(The number of sign language interpreters who have formal interpreting qualifications in the country):

最後に調査した２００４年時点で４４９人(449 Interpreters when last counted (2004) )

6.ろう者が手話通訳者を利用する方法(The way Deaf people access sign language interpreters):

通訳の目的による。個人的な診療予約の場合は、国立Auslan予約サービスに連絡し、自分自身で通訳を手配する。公立病院の場合は、病院に通訳者手配を依頼する。会議出席の場合は、会議に主催者に依頼する。通常、通訳サービス提供機関に依頼するか、または各州のろう組織を通してサービス提供機関に交渉する場合もある( Depends on what they want them for. If for a private health appointment, they can contact the National Auslan Booking Service and book an interpreter themselves. If in a public hospital they ask the hospital to arrange an interpreter. If going to a conference, they ask the conference organiser to arrange interpreters. Usually they ask the service provider to arrange an interpreter, or they ask their state Deaf Society and the Deaf Society negotiates for them with the service provider. )

7.手話通訳サービス提供者・機関(The provier of the sign language interpreting services):

政府(Government)

その他: ろう者サービス提供機関(ろう者組織）(Others: Deaf service providers (Deaf Societies))

8.生活の中で手話通訳サービスを利用できる範囲（The area of life sign language interpreting services are available）:

社会福祉(Social Services)

健康・医療(Health/Medical Services)

雇用(Employment Services)

裁判(Court Services)

教育(Educational Services)

カウンセリング(Counselling Services)

金融機関(Financial Institutions)

冠婚葬祭(Funerals/Weddings)

娯楽(Entertainment)

その他( サービスは一貫していない。例えば、ある銀行では通訳を提供しているが他ではしていない、問題なく手配してくれる教育機関もあれば、強く要求しないと用意してくれないところもある、裁判所では、刑事事件のみに通訳を手配し、民事にはしない・・・など(Others: Service is inconsistent– e.g.; One bank will provide interpreters but others will not; Some educational institutions provide interpreters without question, others only under pressure; Courts provide interpreters only for criminal cases but not civil cases … And so forth. )

9.手話通訳者への支払いおよび支払い負担者（The payment for interpreting services, and those who are responsible for paying）:

手話通訳者は通訳サービスの対価を受け取る（Sign language interpreters receive payment for interpreting services）

政府が支払う（Government pays）

その他: サービス提供機関。ろう者組織などのろう者特別サービス提供機関が通訳料を支払う状況もある(Service providers. Some Deaf-specific service providers (Deaf Societies) pay the interpreting fees for some situations.))

10.手話通訳者の1時間あたりの平均時給（The average hourly rate of payment for sign language interpreters）:

フリーランスでは、およそ４７．００オーストラリアドル（２８ユーロ：２００８年１月３１日現在のレート）(Freelance AUD47.00 (approx) (28€ on 31st January 2008))

通訳機関スタッフの場合はおよそ２１．００オーストラリアドル（１３ユーロ；２００８年１月３１日現在のレート）(Agency staff AUD21.00 (approx) (13€ on 31st January 2008))

11.手話通訳者は、ボランティアサービスですべての通訳を行なうことはない（Sign language interpreters do not provide voluntary service for all sign language interpreting assignments.)

12.手話通訳者協会（National Association of Sign Language Interpreters):

全国ろう者協会から独立している (Independent from the National Association of the Deaf）

13.全国的な手話通訳者に関する倫理綱領（National Code of Ethics for sign language interpreters: There is.):

制定されている（ASLIA. 2007. 下記 文献 欄参照)

14.政府が手話通訳を提供する責任があると明記した法律や政策(.Legislation or policy in the country which states that the government has a responsibility for the provision of sign language):

１９９２年の障碍者差別禁止法では、政府に対して、政府のサービスを受けるための手話通訳をつけるよう要求しているが、直接政府が提供するサービス以外への通訳に責任をもつよう要求していない(The Disability Discrimination Act 1992 requires government to provide interpreters for access to their own services, but does not require them to be responsible for providing interpreters for services not directly provided by them))

オーストラリアには、６つの州と２つの準州があり、それぞれが独自の法律や政策を持って州および準州政府が各々の提供するサービスについては手話通訳を手配するよう求めている。さらに、オーストラリア政府は１９９１年のオーストラリア連邦の言語とリテラシー政策によってAuslanをコミュニティ言語として認めている（しかし、この政策は政府に対して特に手話通訳の提供を求めていない）(Australia has 6 states and 2 Territories and all have their own Disability Discrimination Acts and/or policies that require the State/Territory government to provide interpreting for their State/Territory government services; furthermore, the Australian Government recognises Auslan as a community language through the Commonwealth’s Language and Literacy Policy 1991 (but this policy does not require government to specifically provide sign language interpreting services))

オーストラリア政府は、「国立Auslan予約サービス（NABS)」(医療通訳）と、「雇用のためのAuslan（AFE)」に対して基金を供給し、ろう者が就職して最初の１年間通訳が利用できるようにしている（上限５，０００オーストラリアドルまで、また雇用主や雇用者に対する手話研修や啓蒙訓練も含まれている (The Australian Government provides funding for the National Auslan Booking Service (NABS) (for medical interpreting) and Auslan For Employment (AFE) for Deaf people to access interpreters in their first year of employment (up to AUD5,000; it also includes sign language course and awareness training for employer and employees))

■ろう者の宗教活動

■ろう者コミュニティと文化

■著名なろう者、手話関係者

■手話辞典

Bilby, Lee. 2007. Auslan children's picture dictionary. Volume 1. Bilby Publishing & Consulting P/L.

Wilson, Lyn, Brian Bernal and, Deaf Children Australia eds. 2004. Dictionary of AUSLAN. Deaf Children Australia.

Johnston, Trevor and Peter Wilkin eds. 1998. Signs of Australia : a new dictionary of Auslan (the sign language of the Australian deaf community), 2nd ed. North Rocks, NSW, Australia: North Rocks Press, Royal Institute for Deaf and Blind Children.

Johnston, Trevor. 1989. AUSLAN Dictionary. A dictionary of the sign language of the Australian deaf community. Victoria : Aust. Print Group.

Jeanes, Raymond C., Brian E. Reynolds and Bernadette C. Coleman. 1989. Dictionary of Australasian signs for communication with the deaf, 3nd ed. Melbourne, Victoria, Australia: Victorian School for Deaf Children.

Jeanes, Raymond C., Brian E. Reynolds and Bernadette C. Coleman. 1989. Dictionary of Australasian signs for communication with the deaf, 2nd ed. Melbourne, Victoria, Australia: Victorian School for Deaf Children.

Wright, Cheryl D. 1980. Walpiri hand talk: an illustrated dictionary of hand signs used by the Walpiri people of central Australia. Darwin, NT: Northern Territory Department of Education.

■文献

Bauer, Anastasia, Elizabeth Marrkilyi Ellis, Alice Gaby and Jennifer Green. 2016. Pointing to the body: kin signs in Australian Indigenous sign languages. Poster presentation at Theoretical Issues in Sign Language Research Conference (TISLR 12).

Dillon, Angela. 2016. Naming and framing: The influences of early Auslan linguistic research on community discourse. Poster presentation at Theoretical Issues in Sign Language Research Conference (TISLR 12).

Dillon, Angela. 2016. Naming And Framing: The Influences Of Early Auslan Linguistic Research On Community Discourse. Oral presentation at Theoretical Issues in Sign Language Research Conference (TISLR 12).

Johnston, Trevor. 2016. The Syntactic Distribution Of Pronoun-Like Signs In Auslan. Oral presentation at Theoretical Issues in Sign Language Research Conference (TISLR 12).

Manns, Howard, Shimako Iwasaki, Louisa Willoughby and Meredith Bartlett. 2016. The Polite And The Politic Of Unfolding Tactile Auslan Conversation. Oral presentation at Theoretical Issues in Sign Language Research Conference (TISLR 12).

Johnston, Trevor and Jane van Roekel. 2014. Mouth-based non-manual coding schema used in the Auslan corpus: explanation, application and preliminary results. Presentation at the 6th Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages: Beyond the manual channel (LREC 2014, Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation), 31 May 2014)

Adam Robert. 2013. Unimodal bilingualism in the Australian Deaf community: language contact between Australian Sign Language and Australian Irish Sign Language (BSL). Poster presentation at Theoretical Issues in Sign Language Research (TISLR11).

Ebling, Sarah, Kearsy Cormier, Jordan Fenlon, Penny Boyes Braem and Trevor Johnston. 2013. Identifying and Comparing Semantic Relations across Signed and Spoken Languages. Oral presentation at Theoretical Issues in Sign Language Research (TISLR11).

Hodge, Gabrielle ahd Trevor Johnston. 2013. Patterns from a signed language corpus: Clause-level units in Auslan. Oral presentation at Theoretical Issues in Sign Language Research (TISLR11)

Johnston, Trevor, Donovan Cresdee, Bencie Woll and Adam Schembri. 2013. Tracking grammaticalization through synchronic contextual variation: the frequency and distribution of signs meaning “finish” in the Auslan (Australian sign language) and BSL (British Sign Language) corpora. Poster presentation at Theoretical Issues in Sign Language Research (TISLR11).

Maypilama, Elaine, Dorothee Yunggirrnga and Dany Adone. 2013. Pointing in an Alternate Sign Language. Oral presentation at Theoretical Issues in Sign Language Research (TISLR11)

Adone, Dany, Anastasia Bauer, Keren Cumberbatch and Elaine L. Maypilama. 2012. Colour signs in two indigenous sign languages. In : Zeshan, Ulrike and Connie de Vos eds. Sign Languages in Village Communities : Anthropological and Linguistic Insights. De Gruyter Mouton (Boston/Berlin), Ishara Press (Nijemegen, The Netherland). 53-86.

グリーン, ジェニファー. 2012. 「音声言語代替手話：中央オーストラリアで発達した現地手話の記述と記録 (With or without Speech: Indigenous Sign Languages from Central Australia) 講演要旨」 手話言語と音声言語のシンポジウム（１）「言語の記述・記録・保存」(2012年7月28日（土）～7月29日（日))での発表.　国立民族学博物館. 大阪.

Green, Jenifer, G. Woods, and Bill Foley. 2011. Looking at language: Appropriate design for sign language resources in remote Australian Indeigenous communities. In : Thieberger, Nicholas, Linda Barwick, R. Billington and J. Vaughen eds. Sustainable data from digital research: Humanities perspective on digital research. Conference proceedings, University of Melbourne, 12-14th December 2011. Melbourne: Custom Book Centre, The University of Melbourne. 66-89.

Maypilama, L., Elaine and Dany Adone. 2012. The sociolinguistics of Yolngu Sign Language. Paper given at TELC. Unpublished manuscript. Charles Darsin University.

Maypilama, L., Elaine and Dany Adone. 2012. Yolngu Sign Language: A sociolinguistic profile. In : Zeshan, Ulrike and Connie de Vos eds. Sign Languages in Village Communities : Anthropological and Linguistic Insights. De Gruyter Mouton (Boston/Berlin), Ishara Press (Nijemegen, The Netherland). 401-403.

Johnston, Trevor. 2011. Auslan Corpus Annotation Guidelines. Center for Language Sciences, Department of Linguistics, Macquarie Unversity, Sydney.

Maypilama, L., Elaine and Dany Adone. 2011. Assessing Language Endangerment: The Case of Yolngu sign Language. Unpublished manuscript. Charles Darwin University and University of Cologne.

WASLI (World Association of Sign Language Interpreters). 2011. WASLI country reports　2011 Australia. Kampala, UGANDA.

WASLI (World Association of Sign Language Interpreters). 2011. WASLI Activities Report 2007-2011. Kampala, UGANDA.

Adone, Dany, Anastasia Bauer, Keren Cumberbatch and Waldemar Schwager. 2010. Looking at the lexicon of Yolngu Sign Language (Northern Australia), Country Sign (Jamaica), and Kata Kolok (Bali, Indonesia) . Presentation at the Theoretical Issues in Sign Language Research Conference (TISLR 10).

Ferrara, Lindsay. 2010. An investigation into the lexicalization of health vocabulary in Australian Sign Language (ASL). Poster session at the Theoretical Issues in Sign Language Research Conference (TISLR 10).

Schembri, Adam and Trevor Johnston. 2010. Signed languages and usage-based grammars: Evidence from variation in Australian Sign Language. Presentation at the Theoretical Issues in Sign Language Research Conference (TISLR 10).

Schembri, Adam, Kearsy Cormier, Trevor Johnston, David McKee, Rachel McKee and Bencie woll. 2010. Sociolinguistic variation in British, Australian and New Zealand Sign Languages. In : Brentari, Diane ed. Sign Languages. Cambridge, UK. Cambridge University Press. 476-498.

De Beuzeville, Louse, Trevor Johnston, and Adam C. Schembri. 2009. The use of space with indicating verbs in Auslan. In : Sign Language & Linguistics.12:1. 53-82.

Hyde, Merv. 2009. Inclusion in an International Context. In: Moores, Donald F. and Margery S. Miller eds. Deaf people around the world: Educational and social perspectives. Washington,DC: Gallaudet University Press. 352-367.

Johnston, Trevor. 2009. Creating a Corpus of Auslan within an Australian National Corpus. In : Michael Haugh et al eds. Selected Proceedings of the 2008 HCSNet Workshop on Designing the Australian National Corpus. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project. 87-95.

Power, Desmond. 2009. Deaf education and the Deaf community in Australia. In: Moores, Donald F. and Margery S. Miller eds. Deaf people around the world: Educational and social perspectives.Washington,DC : Gallaudet University Press. 3-16.

Stephen Cauchi. 2009. Implants incite sound debate for the deaf. In : The Age.

de Beuzeville, Louise. 2008. Pointing and verb modification: the expression of semantic roles in the Auslan Corpus. Poster presentation at The 6th edition of the Language Resources and Evaluation Conference will take place in Marrakech (Morocco). See also Workshop Programme : 3rd Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages: Construction and Exploitation of Sign Language Corpora 13-16.

Johnston, Trevor. 2008. The Auslan archive and corpus. In : D. Nathan ed. The Endangered Languages Archive. London Hans Rausing endangered Languages documentation Project, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London.

Johnston, Trevor. 2008. From archive to corpus: transcription and annotation in the creation of signed language corpora. In : 22nd Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation. 16–29.

Johnston, Trevor and Louse de Beuzeville. 2008. Researching the linguistic use of space in Auslan: guidelines for annotators using the Auslan corpus. Manuscript, Department of Linguistics, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.

World Federation of the Deaf and Swedish National Association of the Deaf. 2008. Global Survey Report. WFD Regional Secretariat for Asia and the Pacific (WFD RSA/P). Global Education Pre-Planning Project on the Human Rights of Deaf People. World Federation of the Deaf. Finland.

ASLIA(Australian Sign Language Interpreters' Association). 2007. Code of Ethics and Guidelines for Professional Conduct

Johnston, Trevor and Adam Schembri. 2007. Australian Sign Language (Auslan): An introduction to sign language linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Johnston, Trevor, Louse de Beuzeville, Adam Schembri and Goswell, D. 2007. On not missing the point: Indicating verbs in Auslan. Paper presented at the 10th International Cognitive Linguistics Conference, Kraków, Poland (15-20 July).

Komesaroff, Linda. 2007. Denying claims of discrimination in the Federal Court of Australia: Arguments against the use of native sign language in education. In: Sign Language Studies. 7 : 360-386.

Power, Mary R., Desmond J. Power and Louise Horstmanshof. 2007. Deaf people communicating via SMS, TTY, relay service, fax and computers in Australia. In: Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education. 12 : 80-92.

Punch, Renee, Merv Hyde and Desmond J. Power. 2007. Career and workplace experiences of Australian university students and graduates who are deaf or hard of hearing. In: Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education. 12 : 504-517.

Schembri, Adam. and Trevor Johnston. 2007. Sociolinguistic variation in the use of fingerspelling in Australian Sign Language (Auslan) : A pilot study. In : Sign Language Studies. 7(3). 319-347.

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Hyde, Merv, Stein Erik Ohna and Oddvar Hjulstadt. 2006. A comparison of the definitions, policies and practices associated with the educational inclusion of deaf students in Australia and Norway. In: American annals of the Deaf. 150(5) : 415-426.

Johnston, Trevor. 2006. Comments on "W(h)ither the Deaf community?" Response to comments. In: Sign Language Studies. 6 :　225-243.

Johnston, Trevor. 2006. W(h)ither the Deaf community: population, genetics and the future of Australian Sign Language. In: Sign Language Studies. 6 : 137-173.

Johnston, Trevor and Adam Schembri. 2006. Issues in the creation of a digital archive of a signed language. In: Barwick, Linda and Nicholas Thieberger eds. Sustainable Data from Digital Fieldwork. Sydney University Press. 7-16.

Johnston, Trevor and Adam Schembri. 2006. The use of ELAN annotation software in the Auslan Archive/Corpus Project. Paper presented at the Ethnographic Eresearch Annotation Conference, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (Feburary 15-16).

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Napier, Jemina. 2006. Comparing Language Contact Phenomena in Auslan/English Interpreters and Deaf Australians, A Preliminary Study. In : Lucas, Ceil ed. Multilingualism and Sign Languages : From the Great Plains to Australia. Sociolinguistics in Deaf Communities, vol.12. Washington DC : Gallaudet University Press. 39-.

Napier, Jemina, Rachel Mackee and Della Goswell. 2006. Sign language interpreting: Theory and practice in Australia and New Zealand. Sydney Federation press.

O'Reilly, Suzannah. 2006. Indigenous Sign Language and Culture; the interpreting and access needs of Deaf people who are of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander in Far North Queensland. Sponsored by ASLIA, the Australian Sign Language Interpreters Association.

Schembri, Adam and Trevor Johnston. 2006. Sociolinguistic variation in the use of fingerspelling in Australian Sign Language: a pilot study In : Sign language studies. 7. 319–347.

Schembri, Adam. and Trevor Johnston. 2006. Sociolinguistic variation in Australian Sign Language Projec : Grammatical and lexical variation. Paper presented at the ninth International Conference on Theoretical Issues in Sign Language Research (TISLR9), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil.

Schembri, Adam., Johnston, Trevor and Goswell, Della. 2006. NAME dropping : Location variation in Australian Sign Language. In : Lucas, Ceil ed. Multilingualism and Sign Languages : From the Great Plains to Australia. Sociolinguistics in Deaf Communities, vol.12. Washington DC : Gallaudet University Press. 121-156.

Carty, Brenda M. 2005. Managing their own affairs: The Australian Deaf community during the 1920s and 1930s. Queensland : Griffith University. [Unpublished PhD thesis. Retrieved July 3, 2008]

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Schembri, Adam, Caroline Jones and Denis Burnham. 2005. Comparing action gestures and classifer verbs of motion : Evidence from Australian Sign Language, Taiwan Sign Language, and nonsigners gesture without speech. In : Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education. 10. 272-290.

WASLI (World Association of Sign Language Interpreters). 2005. Australia. In: Country report 2005. 5-12. Kampala, Uganda. . Deaf Employment Australia and Deaf Children Australia. 2004. Auslan Phrase Book: A Reference to Workplace Signs for Deaf and Hearing Impaired People Who Use Auslan. Deaf Children Australia.

Hyde, Merv B. and Desmond J.Power. 2004. The personal and professional characteristics and patterns of work of itinerant teachers of the deaf and hard of hearing in Australia. In: Volta Review. 104 : 51-68.

Hyde, Merv and Desmond Power. 2004. Educational inclusion of deaf students: An examination of the definitions of inclusion in relation to the findings of a recent Australian study of deaf students in regular classes. In: Deafness and education international. 6(2) : 82-99.

Johnston, Trevor. 2004. W(h)ither the Deaf Community? Population, Genetics, and the Future of Australian Sign Language. In : American Annals of the Deaf (Gallaudet University Press) 148 (5): 358–375.

Napier, Jemina and Roz Barker. 2004. Accessing university education: Perceptions, preferences, and expectations for interpreting by deaf students. In: Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education. 9 : 228-238.

Commonwealth of Australia. 2004. Report on Supply and demand for Auslan interpreters. Canberra : Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs.

Power, Mary R. and Desmond J. Power. 2004. Everyone here speaks TXT: Deaf people using SMS in Australia and the rest of the world. In: Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education. 9 : 333-343.

Johnston, Trevor. 2004. W(h)ither the Deaf Community? Population, Genetics, and the Future of Australian Sign Language. In : American Annals of the Deaf (Gallaudet University Press) 148 (5): 358–375.

Monaghan, Leila. 2003. A world's eye view: Deaf cultures in global perspective. In: Monaghan, Leila, Constanze Schmaling, Karen Nakamura and Graham H. Turner eds. Many ways to be Deaf: International variation in Deaf communities. Washington, D.C.: Gallaudet University Press. 1-24. [ アフリカ（全般）、アジア（全般）、大洋州（全般）、ハウサ手話、台湾手話、バンコール手話、オーストララジア手話の情報を含む]

Power, Desmond J. and Merv B. Hyde. 2003. Itinerant teachers of the Deaf and hard of hearing and their students in Australia: Some state comparisons. In: International journal of disability, development and education. 50 : 385-402.

Sutton-Spence, Rachel. 2003. British manual Alphabets in the education of Deaf people since the 17th century. In: Monaghan, Leila, Constanze Schmaling, Karen Nakamura and Graham H. Turner eds. Many ways to be Deaf: International variation in Deaf communities. Washington, D.C.: Gallaudet University Press. 25-48.

Napier, Jemina. 2002. University interpreting: Linguistic issues for consideration. In: Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education. 7 : 281-301.

Power, Desmond and Merv Hyde B. 2002. The characteristics and extent of participation of deaf and hard of hearing students in regular classes in Australian schools. In: Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education. 7 :302-311.

Schembri, Adam., Wigglesworth, Gillian, Johnston, Trevor, Leigh, Greg,. Rovert, Adam, & Barker, Roz. 2002. Issues in development of the Test Battery for Auslan Morphology and Syntax Project. In : Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education. 7, 18–40.

Flynn, John W. 2001. A Brief History of Sign Language Interpreting in Australia. Australian Sign Language Interpreters' Association Victoria.

Johnston, Trevor. 2001. Nouns and verbs in Australian Sign Language : An open and shut case? In : Journal of Deaf studies and Deaf Education. 6. 235-257.

Johnston, Trevor. 2001. The lexical database of Auslan (Australian Sign Language). In : Sign Language & Linguistics, 4(1/2), 145-169.

Power, Desmond J. 2001. Deafness and sign language in government policy documents 1983-1990. In: Joseph. Lo Bianco and Rosie Wickert eds. Australian policy activism in language and literacy.: 279-292. Canberra : Language Australia.

Schembri, Adam. 2001. Issues in the analysis of polycomponential verbs in Australian Sign Language (Auslan). Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Sydney, Australia.

Carty, Brenda. 2000. John Carmichael: Australian Deaf pioneer. In Schembri A., J. Napier, R. Beattie and G. R. Leigh eds. Proceedings of the Australasian Deaf Studies Research Symposium. Renwick College, Sydney, August 22-23, 1998. Sydney: North Rocks Press. 9-20.

Johnston, Trevor. 2000. BSL, Auslan and NZSL: Three Signed Languages or One? In : Baker, Anne, Beppie van den Bogaerde and Onno Crasborn eds. Cross-linguistic perspectives in sign language research. Selected papers from TISLR 2000. 2003. Hamburg: Signum Verlag. 47-69.

McKee, David and Graeme Kennedy. 2000. Lexical Comparisons of Signs from American, Australian, British and New Zealand Sign Languages. In : Emmorey, Karen and Harlan Lane eds. The Signs of Language Revisited: An Anthology to Honor Ursula Bellugi and Edward Klima. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc. 43-73.

2000. Australia. : In : Turkington, Carol, and Allen E. Sussman eds. The encyclopedia of deafness and hearing disorders, second edition. New York : Facts on File. 28.

2000. Australian Sign Language. In : Turkington, Carol, and Allen E. Sussman eds. The encyclopedia of deafness and hearing disorders, second edition. New York : Facts on File. 28-29.

McKee, David and Graeme Kennedy. 2000. Lexical comparison of signs from American , Australian, British, and New Zealand Sign Languages. In : Emmorey Karen and Harlan Lane eds. Sign Language Revisited: An Anthology to Honor Ursula Bellugi and Edward Klima. New Jersey, London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers. 49-76.

Fitzgerald Sarah. 1999. Open Minds, Open Hearts : Stories of the Australian Catholic Deaf Community. Lidcombe, NSW: CCOD.

Ozolins, U. and Bridge, M. 1999. Sign language interpreting in Australia. Melbourne : Language Australia.

Rumsey, Catherine. 1999. Australia.　In: H. William Brelje　ed.　Global perspectives on the education of the deaf in selected countries. Hillsboro, OR. : Butte Publications. 1-30.

Kendon, Adam. 1998. Sign languages of aboriginal Australia: Cultural, semiotic, and communication perspectives. New York : Cambridge University Press.

Madell, Samantha. 1998. Warlpiri Sign Language and Auslan - A Comparison. Master of Arts (Applied Anthropology and Development). Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.

Schembri, Adam, Robert Adam and Roz Barker and Greg Leigh. 1998. The test battery for Auslan morphology and syntax. Presentation at Sixth International Conference on Theoretical Issues in Sign Language Research.

Toms, Jenny and Berna Hutchins. 1998. The use of role shift and topicalization in relation to discourse forms in Auslan. Presentation at Sixth International Conference on Theoretical Issues in Sign Language Research

Wright, Cheryl D. /渡辺義彦訳・編. 1998. 『オーストラリア・アボリジニの手話（Warpiri Hand Talk）』（社団法人大坂聴力障害者協会）

渡辺義彦. 1998.「聴者の手話の世界-アボリジニの手話の本を訳して-」『手話コミュニケーション研究』（全日本ろうあ連盟日本手話研究所） 30 (1998.12): 38-46.

Johnston, Trevor and Adam Schembri 1996. Defining and profiling lexis in sign language -Auslan. Poster presented at the Fifth International Conference on Theoretical Issues in Sign Language Research. September 19-22, 1996 Montréal. Manuskript.

Schembri, Adam. 1996. The structure and formation of signs in Auslan (Australian Sign Language). Sydney, Australia: North Rocks Press.

Branson, Jan and Don Miller. 1995. The story of Betty Steel: Deaf convict and pioneer. Petersham, NSW. Deafness Resiurces Australia.

Aquiline, Carol-Lee. 1994. Theater of the Deaf in Australia. In: Erting, Carol J., Robert C. Johnson, Dorothy L. Smith, and Bruce D. Snider eds. The Deaf Way: Perspectives from the international conference on Deaf culture. Washington, D.C.: Gallaudet University Press. 746-750.

Carty, Breda. 1994. The development of Deaf identity. In: Erting, Carol J., Robert C. Johnson, Dorothy L. Smith, and Bruce D. Snider eds. The Deaf Way: Perspectives from the international conference on Deaf culture. Washington, D.C.: Gallaudet University Press. 40-43.

Cooke, Michael and Dany Adone. 1994. Yolngu Signing-gestures or language? Darwin, Australia, Bachelor College.

Kendon, A. 1994. Sign Languages. Contribution to The Encyclopaedia of Aboriginal Australia. David, Horton, ed. Canberra : Aboriginal Studies Press for the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies.

Lloyd, Karen. 1994. Reaching the Deaf community for literacy. In: Erting, Carol J., Robert C. Johnson, Dorothy L. Smith, and Bruce D. Snider eds. The Deaf Way: Perspectives from the international conference on Deaf culture. Washington, D.C.: Gallaudet University Press. 291-294.

Moon, Valerie. 1994. Sharing experiences: Deafness awareness programs in Australia. In: Erting, Carol J., Robert C. Johnson, Dorothy L. Smith, and Bruce D. Snider eds. The Deaf Way: Perspectives from the international conference on Deaf culture. Washington, D.C.: Gallaudet University Press. 706-712.

O'Reilly, Carol. 1994. The development of Australia's Deaf community in the twentieth century. In: Erting, Carol J., Robert C. Johnson, Dorothy L. Smith, and Bruce D. Snider eds. The Deaf Way: Perspectives from the international conference on Deaf culture. Washington, D.C.: Gallaudet University Press. 155-157.

Warby, Linda and Michael Clancy 1994. Adult education in the Deaf community: The Australian Deaf heritage. In: Erting, Carol J., Robert C. Johnson, Dorothy L. Smith, and Bruce D. Snider eds. The Deaf Way: Perspectives from the international conference on Deaf culture. Washington, D.C.: Gallaudet University Press. 656-657.

Hyde, Merv B. and Desmond J. Power. 1992. The use of Australian Sign Language by Deaf people. In: Sign Language Studies. 75 : 167-182.

1992. Australia. In : Turkington, Carol, and Allen E. Sussman eds. The encyclopedia of deafness and hearing disorders [first edition]. New York : Facts on File.

Johnston, Trevor. 1991. Transcription and glossing of sign language texts: examples from Auslan (Australian Sign Language). In : International Journal of Sign Linguistics, 2(1), 3-28.

Johnston, Trevor. 1991. Spatial syntax and spatial semantics in the inflection of signs for the marking of person and location in AUSLAN. In: International Journal of Sign Linguistics. 1 2, 29-62.

Quek, Joan. Summer 1991. Occasions for sign use in an Australian Aborigine community. In: Sign Language　Studies 71. 143-160.[ Manjiljarra Sign Languageに関する情報を含む ]

Deaf Society of New South Wales. 1989. ‘‘Operation Knock Knock : A Profile of the Deaf Community of New South Wales.’‘ Parramatta, NSW : Deaf Society of New South Wales.

Johnston, Trevor. 1989. Auslan: the sign language of the Australian deaf community. University of Sydney.

Kendon Adam. 1988. Parallels and divergences between Walbiri Sign Language and spoken Warlpiri: analyses of signed and spoken discourses. In : Oceania. 58. 239-54.

Kendon, Adam. 1988. Sign Languages of Aboriginal Australia: Cultural, Semiotic and Communicative Perspectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

MacDougall, James.　1988. The development of the Australian Signed English system. In: The Australian Teacher of the Deaf. 29 : 18-36.

Flynn, J.W. 1987. Sign languages : Australian. In : Van Cleve, John V. (editor in chief), Gallaudet College eds. Gallaudet encyclopedia of deaf people and deafness. New York : McGraw-Hill. vol.3. 56-58.

Kendon, Adam. 1987. Sign languages : Australian Aboriginal. In : Van Cleve, John V. (editor in chief), Gallaudet College eds. Gallaudet encyclopedia of deaf people and deafness. New York : McGraw-Hill. vol.3. 58-59.

Kendon, Adam. 1987. Simultaneous Speaking and Signing in Walbiri Sign Language Users. In : Multilingua. 1987, 6: 25-68.

Power, D.J. 1987. Australia. In : Van Cleve, John V. (editor in chief), Gallaudet College eds. Gallaudet encyclopedia of deaf people and deafness. New York : McGraw-Hill. vol.1. 126-130.

Kendon, A. 1986．Iconicity in Walbiri Sign Language . In P. Bouissac, M. Herzfeld and R. Posner, eds., Iconicity: Essays on the Nature of Culture. Festschrift for Thomas A. Sebeok on his 65th Birthday, Tubingen: Stauffenburg Verlag. 437-446.

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Kendon, Adam. 1980. The sign language of the women of Yuendumu: A preliminary report on the structure of Warlpiri sign language. In : Sign Language Studies. 1980 (27), 101-112.

Wright, C.D. 1980. Walpiri Hand Talk: An Illustrated Dictionary of Hand Signs used by the Walpiri People of Central Australia. Darwin: N.T. Department of Education.

Umiker-Seboek, Donna J. and Thomas A. Sebeok eds. 1978. Aboriginal Sign Languages of the Americas and Australia. v.2. New York. Plenum Press.

Contents:

・ Miller, Wick R. 1978. A report on the sign language of the Western Desert (Australia). 435-440. [ Western Desert Sign Languageに関する情報を含む]

・ Meggit, Mervyn. 1954.=1978. Sign language among the Walbiri of Central Australia. 409-423. [ Walbiri Sign Languageに関する情報を含む]

・ Love, James Robert Beattie. 1941=1978. Worora kinship gestures. 403-405. [ Worora Kinship Sign Languageに関する情報を含む]

・ Berndt, Ronald Murray. 1940=1978. Notes on the sign-language of the Jaralde tribe of the Lower River Murray, South Australia. 397-402. [ Jaralde Sign Languageに関する情報を含む]

・ Mountford, Charles Pearcy. 1938=1978. Gesture language of the Ngada tribe of the Warburton Ranges, Western Australia. 393-396. [　Ngada Sign Languageに関する情報を含む]

・ Warner, W. Lloyd. 1937=1978. Murngin Sign Language. 389-392.

・ Strehlow, Carl. 1907=1978. The sign language of the Aranda. 349-370. [　Aranda Sign Languageに関する情報を含む]

・ Roth, Walter E. 1897=1978. The expression of ideas by manual signs: a sign-language. 273-301. [Information collected from the following tribes; Pitta-Pitta, Boinji, Ulaolinya, Wonkajera, Walookera, Undekerebina, Kalkadoon, Mitakoodi, Woonamurra, Goa.]

Meggit, Mervyn. 1954. Sign language among the Walbiri of Central Australia. In: Oceania. 1954. 25(1): 2-16. (Reprinted in Umiker-Seboek and Sebeok eds. 1978. 409-423.) [ Walbiri Sign Languageに関する情報を含む]

Mountford, Charles Pearcy. 1949. Gesture language of the Walpari tribe, central Australia. In : Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia. 1949, 73: 100-101.

Love, James Robert Beattie. 1941. Worora kinship gestures. In : Transactions Of The Royal Society Of South Australia 65(1) 108-109. (Reprinted in Umiker-Seboek and Sebeok eds. 1978. 403-405.) [ Worora Kinship Sign Languageに関する情報を含む]

Berndt, Ronald Murray. 1940. Notes on the sign-language of the Jaralde tribe of the Lower River Murray, South Australia. In : Transactions Of The Royal Society Of South Australia 64(2) 267-272. (Reprinted in Umiker-Seboek and Sebeok eds. 1978. 397-402. [ Jaralde Sign Languageに関する情報を含む]

Mountford, Charles Pearcy. 1938. Gesture language of the Ngada tribe of the Warburton Ranges, Western Australia. In: Oceania 9: 152-155. (Reprinted in Umiker-Seboek and Sebeok eds. 1978. 393-396.) [　Ngada Sign Languageに関する情報を含む]

Warner, W. Lloyd. 1937. Murngin Sign Language. In: Warner, W. Lloyd ed. A Black Civilization. New York: Harper and Row. (Reprinted in Umiker-Seboek and Sebeok eds. 1978. 389-392.)

Strehlow, Carl. 1907. The sign language of the Aranda. In: Strehlow, Carl. Ed. Die Aranda-und-Loritja-Stamme in Zentral-Australien. Frankfurt: Baer; translated by C. Chewings. (Reprinted in Umiker-Seboek and Sebeok eds. 1978. 349-370.) [　Aranda Sign Languageに関する情報を含む]

Haddon, Alfred C. 1907. The gesture language of the Eastern Islanders. In: Reports of the Cambridge Anthropological Expedition to Torres Straits. v.3. Cambridge, England: The University Press. [　Torres Straits Islander Sign Languageに関する情報を含む]

Roth, Walter E. 1897. The expression of ideas by manual signs: a sign-language. In: Roth, W.E. eds. Ethnological studies among the North-West-Central Queensland Aborigines. London: Queensland Agent-Generals Information Office. 71-90. (Reprinted in Umiker-Seboek and Sebeok eds. 1978. 273-301.) [Information collected from the following tribes; Pitta-Pitta, Boinji, Ulaolinya, Wonkajera, Walookera, Undekerebina, Kalkadoon, Mitakoodi, Woonamurra, Goa.]

■映像・ビデオ

Carty, Brenda M., Neale, J. and Desmond Power. 1997. Deaf studies program: p-7(Video unit 3: Deaf people in the past in Australia). Brisbane : Language Australia centre for Deafness and communication studies, Griffith University.

Sign Media Inc. ed. 1990. Signs around the world. Australia. Burtonsville, Maryland: SMI (30 min.)

■研究者

■研究史

■行事

■外部リンク

Australian Communication Exchange

The Auslan Shop

Auslan Signbank

Australian Sign Language Interpreters' Association

Delivering quality educational outcomes for Deaf and hearing impaired students: The Transition to Auslan

National Auslan Interpreter Booking and Payment Service

Report on Supply and Demand for Auslan Interpreters

Deaf Community - Australia

Deaf cultures and Sign Languages of the world: Australia

Fingeralphabete (Australien)

The Auslan Tuition System

Sign Puddle Online 1.5 : Write Sign Language Dictionaries & Literature in Any Sign Language in the World...

The Auslan Company

Iltyem-iltyem 'signalling with hands, using handsigns'

Auslan Corpus

■備考

大洋州の国・地域

大洋州（全般）	大洋州（全般）
大陸部	オーストラリア
ポリネシア	キリバス | サモア | ツバル | トンガ | ニュージーランド
ミクロネシア	ナウル | パラオ | マーシャル | ミクロネシア
メラネシア	ソロモン諸島 | バヌアツ | パプアニューギニア | フィジー
地域・その他